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4-colour-process - The process of combining Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black inks (CMYK) to create colour pictures/text/illustrations.
Accordion - Two or more parallel folds which open like an accordion.
Against the grain - At 90 degrees to the paper grain direction.
Artwork - Images and/or text which require printing.
Author's amendments - Customer's amendments made at the proofing stage - usually charged to the customer.
Back up - Printing the reverse of a sheet already printed on one side.
Bind - To fasten pages with wire, thread, glue, etc.
Bitmap - Images made up of series of pixels - these only have a limited capacity for scaling up in size before the image begins to pixelate. Bitmap file types include .jpg, .tif, .gif,
Bleed - Printing that extends beyond the edges of the finished paper size is said to bleed.
The minimum bleed required is 3mm over the finished paper size (e.g. A4 size 210x297mm would need to become 216x303mm)
Blind embossing - An shape pressed into a sheet to leave an impression on the paper.
Bond paper - Strong durable paper grade.
CMYK - Coloured inks used in printing to reproduce colour photos/illustrations/text. The colours are Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black.
Coated - Paper which is glossy on one or both sides.
Collating - Arranging printed sheets into a desired sequence.
Colour bar - A quality control tool for printers to maintain colour consistancy across the sheet
Colour correction - Methods of improving colour reproduction.
Colour Separation - Separating the colours of a piece of artwork to enable a printer to print the colours separately
Comb bind - Bind pages by inserting a comb into punched holes.
Contrast - The tonal change in colour from light to dark.
Crop marks - Marks at the edges of an illustration/photograph/design which indicate the area to be reproduced.
Crop - This process removes unwanted areas of a photograph.
DPI - Dots per inch. Refers to the number of dots per inch that an output device can produce. Web images are 75dpi, images for print must be more than 300dpi.
Dummy - Mock up generally used to show pagination sequence in multi page printing.
Four colour Process - The process of printing full colour artwork. (See CMYK)
Grain - The paper fibre direction.
GSM - Grams per Square Metre. The standard measurement of paper weight.
Gutter - Centre line between facing pages.
Hairline - A very thin line about the width of a hair.
Halftone - The process of converting continuous tone photographs into dots.
Hard Copy - Printed copy of the electronic artwork.
Highlight - The lightest areas in a picture.
Imposition - The arrangement of pages, printed together, in such a way they will be in their correct order when folded or cut.
Justification - The alignment of text in a paragraph. Left aligned, Right aligned or justified.
Keylines - Lines on electronic artwork that show the position of photographs or illustrations without showing the actual image.
Kiss die cut - To cut only the top layer of a pressure sensitive sheet leaving the backing uncut (i.e. peel off stickers)
Laid finish - Simulating the surface of handmade textured paper.
Laminate - To cover with matt or gloss film, to bond or glue one surface to another.
Landscape - A horizontal page orientation (width bigger than height)
Leaf - One sheet of paper (includes front and back of that sheet)
Line Art - Black and white illustration, with no grey tones.
LPI - Lines per inch. The number of dots per inch in a halftone screen. Newspaper images: 85 LPI, Magazine images: 133 LPI. The naked eye can distinguish up to about 120 LPI - you can see dots up to this resolution.
Middle tones - The tones in a image that are approximately half as dark as the shadow area half as light as the highlight.
Moiré - An undesirable pattern resulting from incorrect screen angles.
Opacity - The amount of 'show-through' on a printed sheet. The greater the opacity or the thicker the paper the less show-through.
Original - Artwork that hasn't been altered from it's original version.
Page - One side of a single sheet of paper.
Perfect Binding - A method used to fix a large number of pages into a book. Usually a wrap-around cover which is then glued onto several folded signatures and then trimmed.
Perfecting press - A sheet-fed printing press that prints both sides of a sheet in one pass.
PMS - Abbreviation for "Pantone Matching System". The Printing Industries special colour standard. Eg: Pantone 280"
Point - Used to measure the size of type. 1 point=1/72".
Portrait - A vertical page orientation. height of the page is greater than the width.
Process colours - See "CMYK"
Proof - Used to check copy for errors. Proofs can be electronic (pdf) or hard copy (laser or colour correct)
Ranged left - Type that is justified to the left margin and the line lengths vary on the right.
Ranged right - Type that is justified to the right margin and the line lengths vary on the left.
Ready to print file - A file supplied by a customer with the correct specification, allowing the printer to produce the job without any further alterations.
Ream - 500 sheets of paper.
Reverse Out - When an image or text is 'knocked out' of the printed background colour/image.
S/S - Short for Same Size or 100% of the original.
Saddle stitch - Binding a booklet/magazine with staples on the folding seam.
Score - A line creased on the paper to aid folding along the same line.
Screen - How a continuous tone image (grayscale) is broken up into a halftone image.
Separation - Just one of the colour separations which, when used in conjuction with the other separations, will reproduce the required printed effect. (e.g. the Cyan separation - when used in conjunction with Magenta, Yellow and Black can reproduce a colourful image).
Serif / Sans Serif - A serif is the "foot" on a font. Sans Serif means "No feet".
Shadow - The darkest area of an image.
Show-through - The printing on one side of a sheet that can be seen on the other side of the sheet (happens with light weight paper)
Side stitch - Binding by stapling along the spine of a folded booklet.
Signature - A printed sheet made up a number of pages which, when folded will make up a booklet or a section for a larger book.
Solids - Large printed areas which are comprised of a block of colour - this uses more ink than non solid areas.
Spine - The binding edge of a book.
Stamping - e.g. foil stamping.
Stet - A proof mark meaning leave as it was and don't make the amendment which may be indicated.
Stock - The material to be printed on.
Tints - A shade of a colour. e.g. '10% Black' or '50% Pantone 280'
Transparency - A positive photographic slide allowing light to pass through, or the degree of transparency of an object alowing the background to show through.
Trapping - Overlapping colours which butt together. When in perfect registration you will not see white around the edge of the two joining colours.
Trim marks - These marks show where to trim the final printed sheet.
Trim size - The final size of one printed document after the last trim is made.
Up - Printing multiple copies of the same document on the same sheet. (e.g. Printing and A4 page 2up on an SRA3 size sheet of paper)
Watermark - A ghosted design created in the paper at the time of manufacture. This can be seen by holding the paper up to a light source.
Wire-O binding - Wire binding books along the binding edge that will allow the book to lay flat.
With the grain - Folding paper parallel to the grain of the paper.
Work and tumble - Printing one side of a sheet then turning it over, while swapping the grip edge top to bottom, to print the second side.
Work and turn - Printing one side of a sheet then turning it over from left to right to print the second side.
Wove paper - Paper with a uniform, unlined surface and a smooth finish.
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